DISCLAIMER: These handouts provide a “general” outline of the material with practice problems and answers. 
The instructor may present the material differently, so not all of the material in the handouts maybe covered by each instructor, and some instructors may cover material not on the handouts. In addition, instructors may present the content differently; if that occurs, always follow your instructor’s preferred content. Please review your lecture notes, slides, and online text, and compare them to the handouts to note appropriate topics to work through.
If you find an error or have a comment on the handouts feel free to reach out to clc@chem.wisc.edu. Please direct your chemistry questions to Piazza or your TA.
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Chemistry 103
Tony’s Help Sheets – Chemistry 103
*** Using these Chem 103 handouts? ***
YOUR FEEDBACK WOULD BE REALLY APPRECIATED!
*** Thanks in advance! ***
Instructors may present content differently than in these resources;
if that occurs, always follow your instructor’s preferred content.
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| These materials are organized in units based on the Chem 103 fall/spring schedule. The summer schedule is different. Use the appropriate materials for your Chem 103 summer schedule. |
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| Intro to Chemistry Concepts – Module 1 | ||
| Help Sheet #1 Intro Terms, SI units, Unit Conversions, Sig Figs, Density, Periodic Table |
Flashcards #1 SI Units Print 2-sided for proper alignment |
Practice Sheet #1 SI Units Conversions with SI Units |
| Flashcards #2 Element Names and Symbols First 36 elements plus a few other common ones; print 2-sided for proper alignment |
Practice Sheet #2 Element Names and Symbols |
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| Atoms, Molecules, and Ions – Module 2 | ||
| Help Sheet #2 Atomic Structure Atomic Structure, Isotopes, Average Atomic Mass, Mass Spectroscopy, Ionic versus Molecular compounds, Naming/Writing Formulas, Polyatomic Ions, Coulomb’s Law |
Flashcards #3 Polyatomic Ions Formulas/Names Print 2-sided from Adobe Reader for proper alignment |
Practice Sheet #3 Monoatomic and Polyatomic Ions |
| Practice Sheet #4 Naming Compounds, Writing Formulas |
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| Chemical Reactions – Module 3 | ||
| Help Sheet #3 Reactions Balancing Rxns, Types of Rxns, Writing Rxns (molecular, complete ionic, net ionic rxns); Electrolytes; Solubility Rules; Redox: Assigning oxidation numbers; What’s oxidized, reduced, oxidizing agent, reducing agent; Metal activity series |
Flashcards #4 Acids and Bases/Names Print 2-sided from Adobe Reader for proper alignment |
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| Stoichiometry – Module 4 | ||
| Help Sheet #4 Stoichiometry (Part I) Mole calculations, Molar mass, Converting between moles/grams/molecules, Mass percent, Empirical and Molecular formulas, Finding unknown metal M |
Help Sheet #5 Stoichiometry (Part II) Reactions and mol calculations, Limiting reagents, Percent yield, Empirical formulas from combustion |
Help Sheet #6 Stoichiometry (Part III) Molarity calculations, Dilution, Solution stoichiometry (titrations); Intro to energy Note: Solution stoichiometry (molarity) is sometimes not included on Exam 1. |
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| Sets of practice problems to help with exam preparation Module 1 – Practice Problems: Intro to Chem Concepts Module 2 – Practice Problems: Atoms, molecules, and ions Module 3 – Practice Problems: Reactions Module 4 – Practice Problems: Stoichiometry and Energy Note: Solution stoichiometry (molarity; HelpSheet #6) is sometimes NOT included on Exam 1. |
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| Gases – Module 5 | ||
| Help Sheet #7 Gases (Part I) Gas Laws, D and molar mass, STP, Stoichiometry with gases |
Help Sheet #8 Gases (Part II) Partial Pressure, Kinetic Theory of Gases, Root Mean Square Velocity, Diffusion and Effusion |
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| Thermochemistry – Module 6 | ||
| Help Sheet #9 Thermochemistry (Part I) Terms; Work; Sign Conventions; Specific Heat Capacity; q = CmΔT; Heat Transfer; Enthalpy of a rxn, ΔHrxn° |
Help Sheet #10 Thermochemistry (Part II) Calorimetry; Phase Changes (ΔHvap°, ΔHfus°) and heating curves; Phase Change + Heat transfer; Hess’s Law; Heat of Formation (ΔHf°) |
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| Sets of practice problems to help with exam preparation Module 5 – Practice Problems: Gases Module 6 – Practice Problems: Thermochemistry Note: The beginning of Light, Matter, Atomic Structure (HelpSheet #11; Module 7 – Practice Problems) is sometimes included on Exam 2. |
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| Light, Matter, and Atomic Structure – Module 7 | ||
| Help Sheet #11 Light, Matter, Atomic Structure Light equations; Electromagnetic spectrum; Photoelectric effect; Quantized system and Bohr Model; Energy Level Diagram; Electron Transitions; Duality principle; de Broglie Wavelength Note: The beginning of Light, Matter, Atomic Structure is sometimes included on Exam 2. |
Help Sheet #12 Light, Matter, Atomic Structure (Part II) Quantum: Wavefunctions; Nodes; Quantum Numbers; Orbitals Shapes; Electron Configurations: Shorthand notation; Orbital Box Diagram; Charged Transition Elements; Number of unpaired electrons |
Help Sheet #13 Light, Matter, Atomic Structure (Part III) Periodic Table Trends: Effective Nuclear Charge; Shielding; Atomic Radii, Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity; Ionic Radii |
| Chemical Bonding – Module 8 | ||
| Help Sheet #14 Chemical Bonding Types of bonds; Electronegativity; Bond polarity; Lewis dot structures; Resonance; Bond order; Formal charge; Bond enthalpies |
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| Molecular Geometry – Module 9 | ||
| Help Sheet #15 Molecular Geometry (Part I) Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR); Molecular Polarity |
Help Sheet #16 Molecular Geometry (Part II) Valence Bond Theory: Hybrid Orbitals, σ and π Bonds; Geometric isomers cis/trans |
Help Sheet #17 Molecular Geometry (Part III) Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory: MO Shapes; Bond order; MO e– Configuration; Molecular stability Sometimes MO theory is skipped; skip this HelpSheet if this topic was not covered in your lecture section. |
| Sets of practice problems to help with exam preparation Module 7 – Practice Problems: Light, Matter, and Atomic Structure Module 8 – Practice Problems: Chemical Bonding Module 9 – Practice Problems: Molecular Geometry Note: The beginning of Light, Matter, Atomic Structure is sometimes included on Exam 2. |
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| Intermolecular Forces – Module 10 | ||
| Help Sheet #18 Intermolecular Forces Liquids: Intermolecular forces; Liquid properties; Vapor pressure diagram |
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| Phase Diagrams and Solids – Module 11 | ||
| Help Sheet #19 Phase Diagrams and Solids (Part I) Phase diagrams; Heating Curves; Clausius-Clapeyron equation |
Help Sheet #20 Phase Diagrams and Solids (Part II) Types of solids; Unit cells; Packing; Determining Empirical formulas; Coordination number; Ionic compounds; Packing efficiency; Density |
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| More Chem 103 final exam materials will be posted a couple of weeks before the final. | ||
| WORKSHEETS to help you prepare for the Final Exam | ||
| Worksheets for Unit 1 Besides these Worksheets it’s important to work through instructor-provided exam resources, and review the exams and quizzes from this semester |
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| Worksheet #1 – Module 1 Intro to Chemistry Concepts SI units; D; Terms; Periodic Table; Atomic Structure; Isotopes |
Worksheet #2 – Module 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Average Atomic Mass; Mass Spectroscopy; Ionic versus Molecular compounds; Polyatomic ions; Coulomb’s Law; Naming/Writing Formulas |
Worksheet #3 – Module 3 Chemical Reactions Acids/Bases; Electrolytes; Types of Reactions; Solubility Rules; Writing Reactions (molecular, complete ion, net ionic); Assign oxidation numbers; Oxidized, Reduced, Oxidizing agents, Reducing agents; ID Redox reactions |
| Worksheet #4 – Module 4 Stoichiometry (Part I) Mole calculations; Mass Percent; Empirical/Molecular Formulas from Mass%; Mass spectroscopy re-visited; Finding M |
Worksheet #5 – Module 4 Stoichiometry (Part II) Stoichiometry; Limiting Reagents; %Yield; Empirical Formulas from gCO2 and gH2O |
Worksheet #6 – Module 4 Stoichiometry (Part III) Molarity; Dilution; Solution Stoichiometry |
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| Worksheets for Unit 2 Besides these Worksheets it’s important to work through instructor-provided exam resources, and review the exams and quizzes from this semester |
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| Worksheet #7 – Module 5 Gases (Part I) Gas Laws; Stoichiometry |
Worksheet #8 – Module 5 Gases (Part II) Partial Pressure; Kinetic Molecular Theory; Velocity |
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| Worksheet #9 – Module 6 Thermochemistry (Part I) Terms; Work; Sign Conventions; Heat Capacity (q = CmΔT); Heat Transfer; Reaction of a enthalpy, ΔHrxn° |
Worksheet #10 – Module 6 Thermochemistry (Part II) Calorimetry; Phase changes and heating curves; Hess’s Law; ΔHf° |
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| Worksheets for Unit 3 Besides these Worksheets it’s important to work through instructor-provided exam resources, and review the exams and quizzes from this semester |
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| Worksheet #11 – Module 7 Light, Matter, Electronic Structure (Part I) Light equations; Photoelectric Effect; Bohr Model; Electron Equations/Transitions; Duality Principle; de Broglie Wavelength |
Worksheet #12 – Module 7 Light, Matter, Electronic Structure (Part II) Wavefunction; Quantum Numbers; Nodes; Orbitals; Electron Configurations |
Worksheet #13 – Module 7 Light, Matter, Electronic Structure (Part III) Effective Nuclear Charge; Periodic Table Trends: Atomic Radii; Ionization Energy; Electron Affinity; Ionic Radii |
| Worksheet #14 – Module 8 Chemical Bonding Forming a Bond; Electronegativity; Types of Bonds; Bond Polarity; Lewis Dot Structures; Formal Charge; Resonance; Bond Order; Bond Enthalpy |
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| Worksheet #15 – Module 9 Molecular Geometry (Part I) VSEPR; 3D Images; Molecular Polarity; Geometric Isomers |
Worksheet #16 – Module 9 Molecular Geometry (Part II) Valence Bond Theory (hybrid orbitals); σ and π bonds; Orbitals That Make a Bond |
Worksheet #17 – Module 9 Molecular Geometry (Part III) Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory: MO Shapes; Bond Order; MO e– Configuration; Molecular Stability |
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| Worksheets for Post-Unit 3 Besides these Worksheets it’s important to work through instructor-provided exam resources, and review the exams and quizzes from this semester |
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| Worksheet #18 – Module 10 Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces; Liquid Properties; Miscibility of Liquids |
Worksheet #19 – Module 11 Phase Diagrams and Solids (Part I) Phase diagrams and heating curves; Clausius-Clapeyron equations |
Worksheet #20 – Module 11 Phase Diagrams and Solids (Part II) Types of Solids/Properties; Unit Cells; Coordination Number; Counting Atoms/Empirical Formulas; Packing Efficiency; Density |
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| *** Using these Chem 103 handouts? *** YOUR FEEDBACK WOULD BE REALLY APPRECIATED! *** Thanks in advance! *** |
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| End of the Chem 103 materials. Good luck on your finals! Have a great break! | ||
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Chemistry 104
Tony’s Help Sheets – Chemistry 104
*** Using these Chem 104 handouts? ***
YOUR FEEDBACK WOULD BE REALLY APPRECIATED!
*** Thanks in advance! ***
Instructors may present content differently than in these resources;
if that occurs, always follow your instructor’s preferred content.
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| These materials are organized in units based on the Chem 104 fall/spring schedule. The summer schedule is different. Use the appropriate materials for your Chem 104 summer schedule. |
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| Organic Chemistry – Module 12 | ||
| Help Sheet #1 Chem 103 Review Electronegativity, Lewis Dot Structures, Bond Polarity, VSEPR, Hybridization, Hybrid Orbitals used in a Bond, Intermolecular Forces, Higher Boiling Point, Solubility |
Help Sheet #2 Organic (Part I) Drawing and Naming Molecules, Functional Groups (Part I) |
Practice Sheet #1 ID Functional Groups; Naming Molecules Organic: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cyclic, aromatic |
| Help Sheet #3 Organic (Part II) Isomers: Constitutional (also called structural); Stereoisomers: Geometric, Optical |
Practice Sheet #2 Isomers |
Help Sheet #4 Organic (Part III) Functional Groups (Part II); drawing and naming |
| Practice Sheet #3 ID Functional Groups; Naming Molecules Organic: alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, amines |
Flashcards #1 – ID Functional Groups Identifying Functional Groups Print 2-sided with Adobe Reader for proper alignment |
Help Sheet #5 Organic (Part IV) Reactions: Ester and amide formation, ester and amide hydrolysis; Complete hydrolysis |
| Practice Sheet #4 Organic Reactions: Ester/amide condensation, ester/amide hydrolysis |
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| Chemical Kinetics – Module 13 | ||
| Help Sheet #6 Kinetics (Part I) Average Rates; Initial Rates; Relative Rates; Rate Constant with Units; Evaluating a Rate Law: Initial Rates Method, Description |
Help Sheet #7 Kinetics (Part II) Evaluating a Rate Law: Integrated Rate Laws; Half Life and Half life graphs; Rate versus Concentration |
Help Sheet #8 Kinetics (Part III) Evaluating a Rate Law: Mechanisms; Reaction Coordinate Diagrams; Arrhenius Equation and Graphs |
| Sets of practice problems to help with exam preparation Module 12 – Practice Problems: Organic Module 13 – Practice Problems: Kinetics |
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| Equilibrium – Module 14 | ||
| Help Sheet #9 Equilibrium (Part I) K Expression; Size of K; Kc versus Kp; Le Chatelier’s Principle; How K Changes as Reaction is Changed |
Help Sheet #10 Equilibrium (Part II) Equilibrium Calculations; Reaction Quotient: Q; Phase Diagrams |
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| Acids and Bases – Module 15 | ||
| Help Sheet #11 Acids and Bases (Part I) Definitions; Conjugate A/B; Amphiprotic; Ka, Kb; Strength of A/B and Their Conjugates; Which Way does an A/B Rxn Proceed; Acidity versus Structure |
Help Sheet #12 Acids and Bases (Part II) Autoionization; pH Equations; pH Calculations for SA, SB, WA, and WB; %Ionization; Ka, Kb, pKa, pKb; Which Way does an A/B Rxn Proceed (re-visited); Polyprotic Acids; Lewis acids/bases; Spectator Ions; Salts |
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| Sets of practice problems to help with exam preparation Module 14 – Practice Problems: Equilibrium Module 15 – Practice Problems: Acids and Bases Note: Buffers (HelpSheet #13; Module 16 – Practice Problems: Buffers) or some parts of buffers is sometimes included on Exam 2. |
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| Aqueous Equilibria – Module 16 | ||
| Help Sheet #13 Aqueous Equilibria (Part I): Buffers ID Buffers; pH of a Buffer; Find pH of Buffer After Adding SA/SB; Buffer Range; Buffer Capacity; Buffer Preparation Note: Buffers or some parts of buffers is sometimes included on Exam 2. |
Help Sheet #14 Aqueous Equilibria (Part II): Titrations Titration Curves: Strong Acid+Strong Base, Strong Acid+Weak Base, Weak Acid+Strong Base; Equivalence Point; Halfway to Equivalence Point; Indicators; pH Calculations of Titrations; Polyprotic Acid Titrations |
Help Sheet #15 Aqueous Equilibria (Part III): Solubility Find Ksp from Solubility; Find Solubility from Ksp; Which Solid is More Soluble?; Common Ion Effect; pH and Solubility; Does a Ppt Form? |
| Thermodynamics – Module 17 | ||
| Help Sheet #16 Thermodynamics (Part I) Spontaneity; Entropy, ΔS°; Pascal’s Triangle; Comparing Entropy Qualitatively; ΔSuniv°; T of a phase change; Enthalpy, ΔH° (review); Laws of Thermodynamics |
Help Sheet #17 Thermodynamics (Part II) Free Energy, ΔG°; Deriving ΔG°; ΔGf°; Signs of ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°: Reaction spontaneity; T at which a reaction is spontaneous; Free Energy ΔG under non-standard conditions; G vs Extent of Reaction; Van’t Hoff equation and graph; Thermodynamics versus Kinetics |
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| Sets of practice problems to help with exam preparation Module 16 – Practice Problems: Aqueous Equilibria: Buffers, Titrations, Solubility (Ksp) Module 17 – Practice Problems: Thermodynamics Note: Buffers or some parts of buffers is sometimes included on Exam 2. |
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| Electrochemistry – Module 18 | ||
| Help Sheet #18 Electrochemistry (Part I) Assign Oxidation Numbers; Oxidized, reduced, oxidizing/reducing agents; Balance Redox Reations; Draw Electrochemical Cells and label parts; Inert Electrodes; Line Notation; Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE); How E° Changes as Reaction Changes; Standard Reduction Table |
Help Sheet #19 Electrochemistry (Part II) Stronger Oxidizing/Reducing Agents; K, ΔG°, and E°; Nernst Equation; Concentration Cells; Electroylsis; Molten Systems; Types of Batteries; BAN APE |
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| More Chem 104 final exam materials will be posted a couple of weeks before the final. | ||
| WORKSHEETS to help you prepare for the Final Exam | ||
| Worksheets for Unit 1 Besides these Worksheets it’s important to work through instructor-provided final exam resources, and review the exams and quizzes from this semester |
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| Worksheet #1 – Module 1 Review & Organic (Part I) Chem 103 Review; Organic: Functional Groups and Properties; Drawing Structures; Naming |
Worksheet #2 – Module 1 Organic (Part II) Organic: Isomers |
Worksheet #3 – Module 1 Organic (Part III) Reactions: Ester Condensation and Hydrolysis, Amide Condensation and Hydrolysis; Complete Hydrolysis; Biodiesel |
| Worksheet #4 – Module 2 Kinetics (Part I) Factors Affecting Rate; Rate; Avg/Initial Rate; Relative Rates; Rate Law; Units of k; Determining the Rate Law: Initial Rates Method, Description |
Worksheet #5 – Module 2 Kinetics (Part II) Integrate Rate Law equations; Determining the Rate Law: Integrate Rate Law Graphs, Half-life vs Concentration Graphs, Rates vs Concentration Graphs |
Worksheet #6 – Module 2 Kinetics (Part III) Determining the Rate Law: Mechanisms; Reaction Coordinate Diagrams; Arrhenius Equations and Plot |
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| Worksheets for Unit 2 Besides these Worksheets it’s important to work through instructor-provided final exam resources, and review the exams and quizzes from this semester |
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| Worksheet #7 – Module 3 Equilibrium (Part I) Equilibrium Expression; Size of K; Le Chatelier’s Principle; Factors Affecting Equilibrium |
Worksheet #8 – Module 3 Equilibrium (Part II) How K Changes as Rxn Changes; K Calculations; Q |
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| Worksheet #9 – Module 4 Acids and Bases (Part I) Identifying Acids/Bases; Strong/Weak Acids/Bases; Conjugate Acids/Bases; Water Autoionization; Amphiprotic; pH Calculations; Ka, Kb, %Ionization; Stronger Acid Weaker Conjugate Base |
Worksheet #10 – Module 4 Acids and Bases (Part II) Ka, Kb, pKa, pKb; Which Side of Rxn Favored; Acid Strength vs Structure; Spectator ions; Polyprotic Acids; Salts; Lewis acids/bases |
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| Worksheet #11 – Module 5 Aqueous Equilibria (Part I): Buffers ID Buffer; Buffer pH; Add SA/SB to Buffer and Find New pH; Buffer Range/Choosing a Buffer; Buffer Preparation |
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| Worksheets for Unit 3 Besides these Worksheets it’s important to work through instructor-provided final exam resources, and review the exams and quizzes from this semester |
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| Worksheet #12 – Module 5 Aqueous Equilibria (Part II): Titrations Titration Curves; Equivalence and Halfway to Equivalence Pt; Indicators; Calculating pH During a Titration |
Worksheet #13 – Module 5 Aqueous Equilibria (Part III): Solubility Find Solubility given Ksp; Find Ksp given Solubility; Which Solid is More Soluble; Does a Precipitate Form; pH versus Solubility; Common Ion Effect; Factors Affecting Solubility |
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| Worksheet #14 – Module 6 Thermodynamics (Part I) Laws of Thermodynamics; Entropy; Pascal’s Triangle; Comparing Entropy Qualitatively; ΔS°univ; T of a phase change; Enthalpy; Spontaneity; ΔG°; Sign Conventions: ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG° |
Worksheet #15 – Module 6 Thermodynamics (Part II) ΔG and ΔG°; K from ΔG°; Signs of ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG° and Spontaneity; T when Reaction is Spontaneous; Manipulating ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG°; Van’t Hoff Equation/Plot; G versus Extent of Reaction Graph |
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| Worksheets for Post-Unit 3 Besides these Worksheets it’s important to work through instructor-provided final exam resources, and review the exams and quizzes from this semester |
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| Worksheet #16 – Module 7 Electrochemistry (Part I) Assign Oxidation Numbers; Oxidized, reduced, oxidizing agent, reducing agent; Balance Redox Reactions; Electrochemical Cells; How E changes; Inert Electrodes; Line Notation; SHE |
Worksheet #17 – Module 7 Electrochemistry (Part II) Stronger Oxidizing/Reducing Agents; Nernst Equation; ΔG°, E°, and K; Spontaneous Reactions |
Worksheet #18 – Module 7 Electrochemistry (Part III) Concentration Cell; Electrolysis; Molten Systems; Batteries |
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| *** Using these Chem 104 handouts? *** YOUR FEEDBACK WOULD BE REALLY APPRECIATED! *** Thanks in advance! *** |
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| No more materials will be posted. Good luck on your finals! Have a great break! | ||
Chemistry 343
José’s Chemistry 343 Resources
Instructors may present content differently than in these resources;
if that occurs, always follow your instructor’s preferred content.
*** Using these Chem 343 handouts? ***
YOUR FEEDBACK WOULD BE REALLY APPRECIATED!
*** Thanks in advance! ***
Chemistry 345
José’s Chemistry 345 Resources
Instructors may present content differently than in these resources;
if that occurs, always follow your instructor’s preferred content.
*** Using these Chem 345 handouts? ***
YOUR FEEDBACK WOULD BE REALLY APPRECIATED!
*** Thanks in advance! ***